Santi Giovanni e Petronio dei Bolognesi stands on Via del Mascherone in the Regola district of Rome, behind the gardens of Palazzo Farnese. It is named for Saints John the Evangelist and Petronius, patrons of Bologna. A parish church was mentioned here by 1186. Pope Gregory XIII commissioned its rebuilding as the national church of the Bolognese in 1581, and it was completed in 1582. Sources differ on the architect, naming Ottaviano Nonni or Ottaviano Mascherino.
The facade was rebuilt in the late seventeenth century, and the church was dedicated in 1700. The style is Baroque. The main altarpiece by Domenichino is now in the Palazzo Barberini, and Francesco Gessi painted the Transit of St Joseph.
Earlier names include San Tommaso dei Muratori and della Catena. It is a titular church and the regional church of Emilia-Romagna.
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